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In optics and especially laser science, the Rayleigh length or Rayleigh range is the distance along the propagation direction of a beam from the waist to the place where the area of the cross section is doubled. A related parameter is the confocal parameter, b, which is twice the Rayleigh length. The Rayleigh length is particularly important when beams are modeled as Gaussian beams.
The 2016 Summer Olympics (Portuguese: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, and commonly known as Rio 2016, is a major international multi-sport event in the tradition of the Olympic Games as governed by the International Olympic Committee, being held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Stranger Things is an American science fiction horror web television series created by the Duffer Brothers. It was written and directed by Matt and Ross Duffer and executive-produced by Shawn Levy. It stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono, and Matthew Modine.
Hefty Fine is the fourth studio album by American alternative rock band Bloodhound Gang, released on September 27, 2005. Produced by Jimmy Pop, it was Bloodhound Gang's third release on Geffen Records following the band's smash hit Hooray for Boobies which managed to sell over one million copies in the United States and the European Union.
Soundarya Raghu (born Sowmya Satyanarayan) (18 July 1972 – 17 April 2004) was an Indian film actress and producer known for her works predominantly in Telugu cinema. She also starred in few Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, and Bollywood films in lead roles. In 2002, she has received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film as producer for the Kannada film, Dweepa.
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American businessman, television personality, author, politician, and the Republican Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election. He is chairman of The Trump Organization, which is the principal holding company for his real estate ventures and other business interests.
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a two-part West End stage play written by Jack Thorne based on an original new story by Thorne, J.K. Rowling and John Tiffany. Previews of the play began at the Palace Theatre, London on 7 June 2016 and was scheduled to officially premiere on 30 July 2016.
Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The association football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics is being held from 3 to 20 August in Brazil. In addition to the Olympic host city of Rio de Janeiro, matches will also be played in Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador, São Paulo, and Manaus.
List of Steven Universe episodes
Steven Universe is an American animated television series created by Rebecca Sugar for Cartoon Network. The series revolves around Steven Universe (voiced by Zach Callison), who protects his hometown of Beach City alongside Garnet (voiced by Estelle), Amethyst (voiced by Michaela Dietz), and Pearl (voiced by Deedee Magno). The series was renewed for a fourth and fifth season in March 2016.
Barack Hussein Obama II (US /bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office and the first president born outside the continental United States. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was president of the Harvard Law Review.
Enchantress (born: June Moone) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Bob Haney and artist Howard Purcell, and first appeared in Strange Adventures #187 (April 1966). The character has periodically been depicted as taking the role of an antihero.
Clinton "Clint" Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, film director, producer, musician, and political figure. He rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's Dollars trilogy of spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
Emirates Flight 521 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Thiruvananthapuram, India, to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, operated by Emirates using a Boeing 777-300. On August 3, 2016, the aircraft carrying 282 passengers and 18 crew crashed upon landing at Dubai International Airport, at approximately 12:45 local time.
Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American competition swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 22 medals in three Olympiads. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (18, double the second highest record holders), Olympic gold medals in individual events (11), and Olympic medals in individual events for a male (13).
2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games will take place on the evening of Friday 5 August 2016 in the Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro starting at 20:00 BRT (23:00 UTC).
Derek Anthony Redmond (born 3 September 1965) is a retired British athlete. During his career, he held the British record for the 400 metres sprint, and won gold medals in the 4x400 metres relay at the World Championships, European Championships and Commonwealth Games. However, his career was blighted by a series of injuries.
Cara Jocelyn Delevingne (/ˈkɑːrə ˌdɛləˈviːn/ KAH-rə DEL-ə-VEEN; born 12 August 1992) is an English fashion model and actress. She signed with Storm Model Management after leaving school in 2009. Delevingne won the "Model of the Year" award at the British Fashion Awards in 2012 and 2014 and has appeared in shows for houses including Burberry, Mulberry, Dolce & Gabbana, and Jason Wu.
Earth (otherwise known as the world, in Greek: Γαῖα Gaia, or in Latin: Terra) is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed about 4. 54 billion years ago.
Pokémon Go (stylized Pokémon GO) is a free-to-play, location-based augmented reality game developed and published by Niantic for iOS and Android devices. The game is the result of a collaboration between Niantic, Nintendo, and The Pokémon Company. It was initially released in selected countries in July 2016.
The Suicide Squad, also known as Task Force X (the name of a closely related but independent supervisory organization), is a name for two fictional organizations appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first version debuted in The Brave and the Bold #25 (1959), and the second version, created by John Ostrander, debuted in Legends #3 (1987).
Jason Bourne is a 2016 American thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass. Written by Greengrass and film editor Christopher Rouse, it is the fifth installment of the Bourne film series and the direct sequel to 2007's The Bourne Ultimatum. Matt Damon reprises his role as the main character, former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne.
The 2016–17 UEFA Champions League is the 62nd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 25th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The 2017 UEFA Champions League Final will be played at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales.
Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953) is an American businessman, politician and the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election. He served as the 29th Governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003 as a member of the Republican Party. He was the Libertarian Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.
List of highest-grossing Indian films
This is a ranking of the highest grossing Indian films which includes films from various languages based on the conservative global box office estimates as reported by reputable sources. There is no official tracking of figures and sites publishing data are frequently pressured to increase their estimates.
List of Bollywood films of 2016
This is a list of Bollywood films that are scheduled to be released in 2016.
Melania Trump (born Melanija Knavs, April 26, 1970; germanized to Melania Knauss) is the third wife of American billionaire businessman and 2016 U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump. She is a Slovene-American former model. Born in Slovenia, then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, she became a permanent resident of the United States in 2001 and a citizen in 2006.
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting event featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered to be the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.
Mohamed Muktar Jama "Mo" Farah CBE (born 23 March 1983) is a British distance runner. On the track, he mostly competes over 5000 metres and 10,000 metres, but has run competitively from 1500 metres to the marathon. He was a gold medallist in the 5000 m and 10,000 m at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2015 World Championships in Athletics.
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, the film is a follow up to 2013's Man of Steel and is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe.
List of Olympic Games host cities
Since the Modern Olympics began in 1896, there have been 26 Summer Olympic Games held in 22 different cities and 22 Winter Olympic Games held in 19 different cities.
August 4 is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 149 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Sunday or Monday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Wednesday or Friday (56).
Star Trek Beyond is a 2016 American science fiction adventure film directed by Justin Lin from a screenplay by Simon Pegg and Doug Jung, based on the series Star Trek, created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the thirteenth film in the Star Trek film franchise and the third installment in the reboot series, following Star Trek (2009) and Star Trek Into Darkness (2013).
Ghostbusters is a 2016 American supernatural comedy film directed by Paul Feig and written by Feig and Katie Dippold. The third feature film in the Ghostbusters franchise, it stars Melissa McCarthy, Kristen Wiig, Kate McKinnon, and Leslie Jones as four women who start a ghost-catching business in New York City. Charles Dance, Michael Kenneth Williams, and Chris Hemsworth also star.
Andreas Mihavecz is an Austrian from Bregenz who holds the record of surviving the longest without any food or liquids. His ordeal is documented in the Guinness World Records. On 1 April 1979, the then 18-year-old bricklayer's apprentice was put into custody in a holding cell for being a passenger in a crashed car and completely forgotten about by the three policemen responsible for him.
Sultan is a 2016 Indian romantic sports-drama film directed by Ali Abbas Zafar. Produced by Aditya Chopra under the Yash Raj Films banner, the film stars Salman Khan as the title character opposite Anushka Sharma. The film focuses on Sultan Ali Khan, a wrestling champion from Haryana whose successful career creates a rift in his personal life.
United States presidential election, 2016
The United States presidential election of 2016, constitutionally prescribed to occur on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, will be the 58th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors, who in turn will vote for a new president and vice president through the Electoral College.
Tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The tennis tournaments at the 2016 Summer Olympics will be staged at the Olympic Tennis Center, from 6 to 14 August. The competition will be played on a fast hardcourt surface used in numerous North American tournaments that aims to minimize disruption for players.
Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor from Detroit, Michigan. In addition to his solo career, he is a member of D12, and with Royce da 5'9" is one half of the hip-hop duo Bad Meets Evil. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States.
SummerSlam (2016) is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE on August 21, 2016 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. It will be the twenty-ninth event under the SummerSlam chronology, the second consecutive SummerSlam at this particular venue and the first event under the new WWE brand extension.
2016 International Champions Cup
The 2016 International Champions Cup (or ICC) is a series of friendly association football tournaments that began on 22 July and will end on 13 August 2016. In December 2015, Juventus, Tottenham Hotspur and Melbourne Victory were confirmed to play in the Australian version of the tournament. Atlético Madrid were confirmed as the fourth team on 1 March.
The 2024 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, are a forthcoming international multi-sport event. Bidding for the games started in 2015, and the host of the Summer Olympic Games will be announced at the 130th International Olympic Committee Session in Lima, Peru on 13 September 2017.
Channel S is a UK-based, free-to-air television channel targeting the British Bangladeshi community. The channel was established on 16 December 2004, by Mahee Ferdous Jalill – a Bangladeshi businessman in London. On Sky it had a timesharing deal with ATN Global, and then in 2005 it started to broadcast for 24 hours, 7 days a week, and is currently available on Sky channel 814.
Matthew Paul Miller (born June 30, 1979), known by his Hebrew and stage name Matisyahu (/mætɪsˈjɑːhuː/; "Gift of God"), is a Jewish American reggae vocalist, beatboxer, and alternative rock musician. Known for blending Orthodox Jewish themes with reggae, rock and hip hop beatboxing sounds, Matisyahu's 2005 single "King Without a Crown" was a Top 40 hit in the United States.
The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad (French: Jeux de la XXXIIes olympiade) (Japanese: 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会; Hepburn: Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai) and commonly known as Tokyo 2020, is a major international multi-sport event due to be celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games as governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Joseph Henri Maurice "Rocket" Richard PC CC OQ (/rᵻˈʃɑːrd/; French: [ʁiʃaʁ]; August 4, 1921 – May 27, 2000) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens. He was the first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in one season, accomplishing the feat in 50 games in 1944–45, and the first to reach 500 career goals.
Steven Tyler (born Steven Victor Tallarico; March 26, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and former television music competition judge, best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith, in which he also plays the harmonica, and occasional piano and percussion. He is known as the "Demon of Screamin'" due to his high screams and his wide vocal range.
America's Got Talent (season 11)
Season eleven of the reality competition series America's Got Talent was ordered on September 1, 2015. The season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. Nick Cannon returned for his eighth season as host.
Rio de Janeiro (/ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ, -deɪ ʒə-, -də dʒə-/; Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi. u dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu]; River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and seventh-most populous in the Americas.
Hanabiko "Koko" (born July 4, 1971) is a female western lowland gorilla who is known for having learned a large number of hand signs from a modified version of American Sign Language (ASL). Her caregiver, Francine "Penny" Patterson, reports that Koko is able to understand more than 1,000 signs of what Patterson calls "Gorilla Sign Language" (GSL).
Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics is being held from 4 to 20 August 2016. It is the 26th edition of the men's Olympic football tournament. Together with the women's competition, the 2016 Summer Olympics football tournament is held in six cities in Brazil, including Olympic host city Rio de Janeiro, which will host the final at the Maracanã Stadium.
Elon Reeve Musk (/ˈiːlɒn ˈmʌsk/; born June 28, 1971) is a South African-born Canadian-American business magnate, engineer and inventor. He is the founder, CEO and CTO of SpaceX; co-founder, CEO and product architect of Tesla Motors; co-founder and chairman of SolarCity, co-chairman of OpenAI; co-founder of Zip2; and founder of X.com which merge with PayPal of Confinity.
Deadshot (real name Floyd Lawton) is a fictional character who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of Batman. He has traditionally been portrayed as a supervillain, but has more recently taken the role of an antihero. The character first appears in Batman #59 (June/July 1950) and was created by Bob Kane, David Vern Reed and Lew Schwartz.
Facebook (stylized as facebook) is a for-profit corporation and online social networking service based in Menlo Park, California, United States. The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.
Hope Amelia Solo (born July 30, 1981) is an American soccer goalkeeper, a two-time Olympic gold medalist and a World Cup gold medalist. She has been goalkeeping for the United States women's national soccer team since 2000. After playing at the collegiate level for the University of Washington, she played professionally for the Philadelphia Charge in the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA).
Lights Out is a 2016 American supernatural horror film, directed by David F. Sandberg in his major directorial debut, produced by Lawrence Grey, James Wan, and Eric Heisserer, and written by Heisserer. It stars Teresa Palmer, Gabriel Bateman, Billy Burke and Maria Bello. It is based on Sandberg's 2013 short film of the same name and features Lotta Losten, who starred in the short.
Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products that include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, and software. Most of its profits are derived from AdWords, an online advertising service that places advertising near the list of search results.
Kishore Kumar (4 August 1929 – 13 October 1987) was an Indian film playback singer, actor, lyricist, composer, producer, director, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the most successful playback singers of the Hindi film industry. Apart from Hindi, he sang in many Indian languages including Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Malayalam, Odia, and Urdu.