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In optics and especially laser science, the Rayleigh length or Rayleigh range is the distance along the propagation direction of a beam from the waist to the place where the area of the cross section is doubled. A related parameter is the confocal parameter, b, which is twice the Rayleigh length. The Rayleigh length is particularly important when beams are modeled as Gaussian beams.
The 2016 Summer Olympics (Portuguese: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, and commonly known as Rio 2016, is a major international multi-sport event in the tradition of the Olympic Games as governed by the International Olympic Committee, being held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The Battle of Dunkirk took place in Dunkirk, France, during the Second World War between the Allies and Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation of British and allied forces in Europe from 26 May – 4 June 1940. After the Phoney War, the Battle of France began in earnest on 10 May 1940.
Dunkirk is an upcoming 2017 epic action-thriller film written, co-produced and directed by Christopher Nolan. The story is set in World War II during the Dunkirk evacuation. Filming began on 23 May 2016 in Dunkirk, France and is shot on IMAX 65 mm and 65 mm large format film stock by cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema.
Stranger Things is an American science fiction web television series created by the Duffer Brothers. It was written and directed by Matt and Ross Duffer and executive-produced by Shawn Levy. It stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono, and Matthew Modine.
Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American competition swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 22 medals in three Olympiads. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (18, double the second highest record holders), Olympic gold medals in individual events (11), and Olympic medals in individual events for a male (13).
List of Steven Universe episodes
Steven Universe is an American animated television series created by Rebecca Sugar for Cartoon Network. The series revolves around Steven Universe (voiced by Zach Callison), who protects his hometown of Beach City alongside Garnet (voiced by Estelle), Amethyst (voiced by Michaela Dietz), and Pearl (voiced by Deedee Magno). The series was renewed for a fourth and fifth season in March 2016.
2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games is taking place on the evening of Friday 5 August 2016 in the Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro starting at 20:00 BRT (23:00 UTC).
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (French: Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting event featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered to be the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.
Enchantress (born: June Moone) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Bob Haney and artist Howard Purcell, and first appeared in Strange Adventures #187 (April 1966). The character has periodically been depicted as taking the role of an antihero.
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American businessman, television personality, author, politician, and the Republican Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election. He is chairman of The Trump Organization, which is the principal holding company for his real estate ventures and other business interests.
The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940, during World War II. The operation was decided upon when large numbers of Belgian, British, and French troops were cut off and surrounded by the German army during the Battle of France.
List of Olympic Games host cities
Since the Modern Olympics began in 1896, there have been 26 Summer Olympic Games held in 22 different cities and 22 Winter Olympic Games held in 19 different cities.
The Suicide Squad, also known as Task Force X (the name of a closely related but independent supervisory organization), is a name for two fictional organizations appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first version debuted in The Brave and the Bold #25 (1959), and the second version, created by John Ostrander, debuted in Legends #3 (1987).
Comparison of BitTorrent sites
There are many different BitTorrent websites. These sites typically contain multiple torrent files and an index of those files.
The 2024 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, are a forthcoming international multi-sport event. Bidding for the games started in 2015, and the host of the Summer Olympic Games will be announced at the 130th International Olympic Committee Session in Lima, Peru on 13 September 2017.
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a two-part West End stage play written by Jack Thorne based on an original new story by Thorne, J.K. Rowling and John Tiffany. Previews of the play began at the Palace Theatre, London on 7 June 2016 and was scheduled to officially premiere on 30 July 2016.
Cara Jocelyn Delevingne (/ˈkɑːrə ˌdɛləˈviːn/ KAH-rə DEL-ə-VEEN; born 12 August 1992) is an English fashion model and actress. She signed with Storm Model Management after leaving school in 2009. Delevingne won the "Model of the Year" award at the British Fashion Awards in 2012 and 2014 and has appeared in shows for houses including Burberry, Mulberry, Dolce & Gabbana, and Jason Wu.
Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The association football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics is being held from 3 to 20 August in Brazil. In addition to the Olympic host city of Rio de Janeiro, matches will also be played in Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador, São Paulo, and Manaus.
Mobile Suit Gundam AGE (video game)
Mobile Suit Gundam AGE (機動戦士ガンダムAGE, Kidō Senshi Gandamu Eiji) is a mecha action role-playing game developed by Level-5 and published by Namco Bandai Games.
The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad (French: Jeux de la XXXIIes olympiade) (Japanese: 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会; Hepburn: Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai) and commonly known as Tokyo 2020, is a major international multi-sport event due to be celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games as governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Rio de Janeiro (/ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ, -deɪ ʒə-, -də dʒə-/; Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi. u dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu]; River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and sixth-most populous in the Americas.
List of Bollywood films of 2016
This is a list of Bollywood films that are scheduled to be released in 2016.
Jason Bourne is a 2016 American thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass. Written by Greengrass and film editor Christopher Rouse, it is the fifth installment of the Bourne film series and the direct sequel to 2007's The Bourne Ultimatum. Matt Damon reprises his role as the main character, former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne.
Barack Hussein Obama II (US /bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office and the first president born outside the continental United States. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was president of the Harvard Law Review.
Melania Trump (born Melanija Knavs, April 26, 1970; germanized to Melania Knauss) is the third wife of American billionaire businessman and 2016 U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump. She is a Slovene-American former model. Born in Slovenia, then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, she became a permanent resident of the United States in 2001 and a citizen in 2006.
Earth (otherwise known as the world, in Greek: Γαῖα Gaia, or in Latin: Terra) is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed about 4. 54 billion years ago.
The 2016–17 UEFA Champions League is the 62nd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 25th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. The 2017 UEFA Champions League Final will be played at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales.
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, the film is a follow up to 2013's Man of Steel and is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe.
Christopher Francis "Frank" Ocean (born Christopher Edwin Breaux; October 28, 1987), is an American singer, songwriter and rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. Ocean embarked on his musical career as a ghostwriter for several prominent artists, including John Legend, Justin Bieber and Brandy. In 2010, he became a member of alternative hip hop collective Odd Future.
The Gadsden flag is a historical American flag with a yellow field depicting a rattlesnake coiled and ready to strike. Positioned below the rattlesnake are the words "DONT [sic] TREAD ON ME". The flag is named after American general and statesman Christopher Gadsden (1724–1805), who designed it in 1775 during the American Revolution.
List of highest-grossing Indian films
This is a ranking of the highest grossing Indian films which includes films from various languages based on the conservative global box office estimates as reported by reputable sources. There is no official tracking of figures and sites publishing data are frequently pressured to increase their estimates.
Cherenkov radiation, also known as Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation, is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium. The characteristic blue glow of an underwater nuclear reactor is due to Cherenkov radiation.
Brazil (/brəˈzɪl/; Portuguese: Brasil [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language–and the only one in the Americas.
Pokémon Go (stylized Pokémon GO) is a free-to-play, location-based augmented reality game developed and published by Niantic for iOS and Android devices. The game is the result of a collaboration between Niantic, Nintendo, and The Pokémon Company. It was initially released in selected countries in July 2016.
Christ the Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor, standard Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɾistu χedẽˈtoɾ], local dialect: [ˈkɾiʃtu ɦedẽˈtoɦ]) is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by Polish-French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by the Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with the French engineer Albert Caquot.
List of 2016 Summer Olympics broadcasters
The 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro will be televised by a number of broadcasters throughout the world. As with previous years, Olympic Broadcasting Services will produce the world feed provided to local broadcasters for use in their coverage.
Derek Anthony Redmond (born 3 September 1965) is a retired British athlete. During his career, he held the British record for the 400 metres sprint, and won gold medals in the 4x400 metres relay at the World Championships, European Championships and Commonwealth Games. However, his career was blighted by a series of injuries.
India at the 2016 Summer Olympics
India is scheduled to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Indian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympics since 1920, although they had its official debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris.
Deadshot (real name Floyd Lawton) is a fictional character who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of Batman. He has traditionally been portrayed as a supervillain, but has more recently taken the role of an antihero. The character first appears in Batman #59 (June/July 1950) and was created by Bob Kane, David Vern Reed and Lew Schwartz.
2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
During the Parade of Nations within the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes and officials from each participating country will parade in the Maracanã Stadium preceded by their flag and placard bearer. Each flag bearer has been chosen either by the nation's National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves.
The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) (Hangul: 평창 동계 올림픽; hanja: 平昌 冬季 올림픽; RR: PyeongChang Donggye Ollimpik), commonly known as Pyeongchang 2018 and marketed in camel case as "PyeongChang", is a major international multi-sport event scheduled to take place from 9 to 25 February 2018, in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Gisele Caroline Bündchen (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒiˈzɛli kaɾoˈlini ˈbĩtʃẽj], German pronunciation: [ɡiˈzɛlə kaʁoˈliːnə ˈbʏntçn̩]; born 20 July 1980) is a Brazilian fashion model, an actress, and a producer. Bündchen married New England Patriots quarterback, Tom Brady, in 2009. In the late 1990s, Bündchen was the first in a wave of Brazilian models to find international success.
Clinton "Clint" Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, film director, producer, musician, and political figure. He rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's Dollars trilogy of spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad (French: Jeux olympiques d'été), first held in 1896, are an international multi-sport event, occurring every four years, organized by the International Olympic Committee. Medals are awarded in each event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that started in 1904.
The length of a train, including the longest trains, may be measured in number of wagons (for bulk loads such as coal and iron ore) or in metres for general freight. Train lengths and loads on electrified railways, especially lower voltage 3000 V DC and 1500 V DC, are limited by traction power considerations.
August 5 is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 148 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Wednesday, Friday or Sunday (58 in 400 years each) than on Monday or Tuesday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Thursday or Saturday (56).
Emirates Flight 521 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Thiruvananthapuram, India, to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, operated by Emirates using a Boeing 777-300. On 3 August 2016, the aircraft carrying 282 passengers and 18 crew crashed upon landing at Dubai International Airport, at approximately 12:45 local time.
Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor from Detroit, Michigan. In addition to his solo career, he is a member of D12, and with Royce da 5'9" is one half of the hip-hop duo Bad Meets Evil. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States.
2012 Summer Olympics medal table
The 2012 Summer Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees (NOCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, the capital of the United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. Approximately 10,800 athletes participated in 302 events in 26 sports. Of the 204 NOCs participating, 85 received at least one medal; 54 won at least one gold medal.
Star Trek Beyond is a 2016 American science fiction adventure film directed by Justin Lin from a screenplay by Simon Pegg and Doug Jung, based on the series Star Trek, created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the thirteenth film in the Star Trek film franchise and the third installment in the reboot series, following Star Trek (2009) and Star Trek Into Darkness (2013).
Sultan is a 2016 Indian romantic sports-drama film directed by Ali Abbas Zafar. Produced by Aditya Chopra under the Yash Raj Films banner, the film stars Salman Khan as the title character opposite Anushka Sharma. The film focuses on Sultan Ali Khan, a wrestling champion from Haryana whose successful career creates a rift in his personal life.
The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was a major international multi-sport event celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games, as governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It took place in London and to a lesser extent across the United Kingdom from 25 July to 12 August 2012.
Ivanka Marie Trump (/iˈvɑːŋkə/, born October 30, 1981) is an American businesswoman, writer, and former model. Trump is the daughter of former model Ivana Trump and real estate developer Donald Trump. In her role as Executive Vice President of Development & Acquisitions at the Trump Organization, Trump is involved with all aspects of the company's real estate and hotel management initiatives.
Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛtsõ (w)ɐˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nɐsiˈmẽtu]; born 23 October 1940), known as Pelé (Brazilian Portuguese: [pe̞ˈlɛ]), is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is widely regarded as the greatest player of all time. Pelé has also been known for connecting the phrase "the beautiful game" with football.
Ghostbusters is a 2016 American supernatural comedy film directed by Paul Feig and written by Feig and Katie Dippold. The third feature film in the Ghostbusters franchise, it stars Melissa McCarthy, Kristen Wiig, Kate McKinnon, and Leslie Jones as four women who start a ghost-catching business in New York City. Charles Dance, Michael Kenneth Williams, and Chris Hemsworth also star.
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter. After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager. Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.
The Joker is a fictional supervillain created by Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book Batman (April 25, 1940) published by DC Comics. Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design, while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution.
Channel S is a UK-based, free-to-air television channel targeting the British Bangladeshi community. The channel was established on 16 December 2004, by Mahee Ferdous Jalill – a Bangladeshi businessman in London. On Sky it had a timesharing deal with ATN Global, and then in 2005 it started to broadcast for 24 hours, 7 days a week, and is currently available on Sky channel 814.